For the non-invasive evaluation of IP, the serum levels of sCD163 were determined using a kit (Cusabio Technology, Houston, TX, USA) [22 (link)], while sMR was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA) [23 (link)]. Zonulin was measured using a human zonulin ELISA kit (Elabscience, Wuhan, China) [24 (link)]. All assays were conducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The serum samples were collected at baseline and stored at −80 °C until analyses.
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