Participants underwent saline-control or lipid/heparin infusions (Liposyn II or Intralipid; 20% lipid emulsion at 45 cc/hour, heparin at 0.4 U/kg/min), in the presence or absence of a HEC, conducted at 4 separate visits, for 6 hours commencing at approximately 6AM. The study was initiated with Liposyn II (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL; 10% safflower oil, 10% soybean oil, 1.2% egg phosphatides and 2.5% glycerin; major component fatty acids: approximately 65.8% linoleic, 17.7% oleic, 8.8% palmitic, 3.4% stearic, and 4.2% linolenic acid), but due to a product recall, some participants received Intralipid (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL; 20% Soybean oil, 1.2%egg yolk phospholipids, 2.25% glycerin; major component fatty acids: linoleic (44-62%), oleic (19-30%), palmitic (7-14%), linolenic (4-11%) and stearic (1.4-5.5%) instead. Liposyn and Intralipid are reported to induce similar degrees of insulin resistance (20 (link), 21 (link)) and this was confirmed within this study (see results).