TZM-bl assay was performed as described [30 (link), 36 (link)]. Briefly, 10 μl of virus supernatant was inoculated into TZM-bl cells in 96-well plate (Nunc), and the β-galactosidase activity was measured by using the Galacto-Star mammalian reporter gene assay system (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a 2030 ARVO X multi-label counter instrument (PerkinElmer) according to the manufacturers’ procedure. The relative infectivity was determined by relative light unit of this assay.
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