Macrophages in the wounds were isolated by enzymatic digestion [29 (link)]. Cell surface antigens were blocked with Fc block (20 ug/mL; BD Biosciences), incubated with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies or isotype control antibodies for 1h. Fluorophore-conjugated primary antibodies were from BioLegend: F4/80-FITC (#123122), CD11c-phycoerythrin (#117308) and CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (#141712). Cells were washed and centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes and re-suspended in 1 ml washing buffer for FACS Calibur analyses using WinMDI software and gating strategy was described as previous [28 (link)]. Briefly, wound macrophages were collected and mononuclear cells were gated for FSC/SSC. Dead cell fractions were removed. The gated CD11b+F4/80+ cells were examined with anti-CD11c (as M1) or anti-CD206 (as M2) antibody.