Single-cell RNA-seq of Osteosarcoma Patients

Eleven patients hospitalized from October 2017 to April 2019 in Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital were prospectively enrolled in the study, which was approved by the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Ethics Committee. Each patient provided written informed consent. All 11 patients (five male and six female, age range from 11 to 38-years old) had been diagnosed with osteoblastic or chondroblastic OS according to the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (https://www.nccn.org/). Samples for scRNA-seq were derived from the primary tumor sites of seven patients who had received traditional first-line adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy composed of a cocktail of four drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate and ifosfamide), as well as surgical therapy. Two patients with lung metastasis and two with recurrent disease had received gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel (GT). In addition to other patients enrolled for our study, we recruited one patient (BC17) from the clinical trial NCT03676985, in which all patients had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy, and they all had received anti-PDL-1 therapy for one year until the disease progressed. Patient BC17 provided written informed consent to participate in the clinical trial NCT03676985 and the current study. Four patients BC3, BC5, BC6, and BC16 agreed to donate peripheral blood to explore the efficacy of anti-TIGIT therapy in vitro. Detailed clinical characteristics information about patients is provided (Supplementary Table 1).