A total of 15 bacterial strains of five species were used in this study, including 11 C. concisus strains and Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Escherichia coli K12 (Bachmann, 1972 (link); Gregory et al., 1978 (link); Moschetti et al., 1998 (link)). Of the 11 C. concisus strains examined, three strains were from patients with CD, four strains from patients with UC, one strain from patient with gastroenteritis and three strains from healthy controls. These 11 C. concisus strains were randomly chosen from C. concisus strains isolated in our previous studies (Zhang et al., 2009 (link), 2010 (link); Mahendran et al., 2011 (link)). C. concisus consists of two genomospecies (GS), among the 11 strains included, five strains were from GS1 and six strains were from GS2 (Mahendran et al., 2015 (link); Chung et al., 2016 (link)). The other bacterial strains were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA). Detailed information of bacterial species and strains used in this study were provided in Table 1.
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