Externalization of phosphatidyl serine on the outer membrane of untreated and JVPH3- and JVPH4-treated promastigotes was measured by the binding of FITC-annexinV and PI using an annexinV staining kit (Invitrogen BioServices India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India). Flow cytometry was carried out for treated and untreated parasites. The gating was done so that the FL-1 channel denotes the mean intensity of FITC-annexinV, whereas the FL-2 channel denotes the mean intensity of PI (Chowdhury et al. 2012 (link)).