Zebrafish Echocardiography for Cardiac Function

For echocardiography, zebrafish were anaesthetized with 0.02% MS-222 and fixed on a sponge in the supine position. The echocardiography was performed using the Vevo LAZR Multi-modality Imaging Platform (FUJIFILM VisualSonics) under B-mode (50 MHz, 77 fps) at 20°C as previously described (González-Rosa et al. 2014 (link), Hein et al. 2015 (link), Wang et al. 2017 (link)). Ejection fraction (EF, which indicates the volumetric output of blood from the heart) and fractional shortening (FS, which indicates the systolic function of the heart) were acquired using a plug-in of Vevo LAB (Vevo Strain) under B-mode images. The window was set to be 300 frames long, starting with diastalsis.