Samples were normalized by OD600 values (whole cell lysates), protein concentration (subcellular fractionation samples), or colony forming units (CFU/mL; murine vaginal washes). Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on 4–12% Novex NuPAGE (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 4–15% Bio-Rad Criterion TGX (Bio-Rad), or Bio-Rad AnykD Criterion TGX (Bio-Rad) gels and visualized by colloidal Coomassie G-250 staining. Immunoblots were performed as described (Zielke et al., 2016 (link); Sikora et al., 2017 (link), 2018 (link); Wierzbicki et al., 2017 (link)). The polyclonal rabbit anti-Laz antiserum used in the current study was generated previously by immunization with recombinant His-tagged Laz (Zielke et al., 2016 (link)).
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