H. pylori were detected in infected gastric tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a rabbit anti-H. pylori antibody (Abcam, Milton, Cambridge, UK). Positive-staining cells were visualized with diaminobenzidine (DAB) (Vectastain Elite ABC Kit for rabbit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and morphometrically analyzed with Leica DM 2500 microscopy and Leica Application Suite software (version 4.4; Leica microsystems, Heerbrugg, Switzerland). The evaluation of H. pylori-positive cells as marker of the infection was performed by counting the H. pylori-positive cells distributed in the non-infected control gastric tissue. Paraffin embedded longitudinal sections of antrum and corpus were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and evaluated. It was graded for gastritis and mucosal changes and analyzed by a double blind test according to the grading scheme for rodents [32 (link),37 (link)].
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