hMSCs were differentiated from hESCs based on a published protocol31 (link). Briefly, embryoid bodies were left to differentiate in αMEM (Invitrogen) medium supplemented with 10% FBS (AusGeneX), 10 ng/ml bFGF (JPC), 5 ng/ml TGFβ (HumanZyme) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco) until fibroblast-like cells appeared. The hMSCs were purified with different antibodies corresponding to hMSC-specific markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105) by FACS. Antibodies used for hMSC characterization were as follows: anti-CD105-APC (17-1057-42) antibody was purchased from eBioscience; anti-CD90-FITC (555595), anti-CD73-PE (550257), anti-CD34-PE (555822), anti-CD43-APC (580198), and anti-CD45-FITC (555482) antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences. Anti-IgG-FITC (555748), anti-IgG-PE (555749), and anti-IgG-APC (555751) antibodies from BD Biosciences were used as isotype controls. The functionality of hMSC was further verified by differentiation towards cartilage, bone, and adipocytes31 (link). The tri-lineage differentiation abilities of hMSC lines were evaluated by histochemical staining with von Kossa (osteogenesis), Alcian blue (chondrogenesis), and Oil red O (adiopogenesis) Kit (IHC World), respectively.
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