AZD8797 (an antagonist of CX3CR1) administration was carried out as described previously [32 (link)]. AZD8797 (HY-13848, MCE, USA) was dissolved in a DMSO solution to yield a final concentration of 2 mg/ml according to the instructions. Rats received either an intraperitoneal injection of AZD8797 (1 mg/kg) or an equal amount of PBS once per day for four days before dural IS administration. Rat fractalkine (PeproTech, USA) was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl to yield a final concentration of 1 μg/μl; bilateral intracerebral injection of fractalkine was performed stereotactically to the sp5c at the following coordinates: anteroposterior, − 14.08 mm; lateromedial, ± 2.75 mm; dorsoventral, − 8.65 mm relative to the bregma in the rat. A total of 2.5 μl was injected into each site using a 5 μl glass syringe with a fixed needle [33 (link)]. Rats in the sham groups received 2.5 μl of PBS at each site. A schematic representation of the intracerebral injection is given in Supplementary Fig. 1 .
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