Human melanoma cell lines LOXIMVI and WM793 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Mouse melanoma cells established from the transplantable tumor cell line established from a Braf+/LSL-V600E;Tyr::CreERT2+/o;p16INK4a/ mouse were obtained from Dr. Zelenay (The University of Manchester) (18 (link)). Cells were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere.