The miRNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Germany) was applied to isolate total RNA, including small RNAs, from plasma. qPCR analysis was performed as described previously (Mussbacher et al., 2020 (link)). Robustness of RNA extraction, complementary DNA synthesis, and qPCR amplification was assessed using combinations of synthetic spike-in controls (Exiqon, Denmark). Hemolysis was assessed using the ratios of miRNA-23a-3p and miRNA-451a and positive samples were excluded from the analysis.
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