Patients underwent CT pulmonary arteriography/venography (CTPA/V) using a 64-slice multi-detector CT (MDCT) unit (Aquilion-64, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with injection of contrast medium (iodixanol, Visipaque 320, GE Healthcare, Cork, Ireland) after admission. Image data in DICOM format were imported into the Exoview system to complete the 3D reconstruction, with pulmonary bronchi, arteries, veins, and tumors marked out with different colors (Figure 2). Detailed parameters and procedures have been reported in our previous article (13 (link)). For each individual, careful preoperative planning was carried out by surgeons on the basis of the 3D reconstruction images to reduce the risk of unplanned injury of aberrant anatomical structures. Additionally, we briefly defined several variations of pulmonary vessels.