Immunohistochemistry was performed for PD1 (clone NAT105, prediluted, CELL MARQUE, Rocklin, CA), PD-L1, PD-L2, phospho-STAT3 (PD-L1: clone E1L3N, 1:400 dilution, PD-L2: clone D7U8C, 1:20 dilution and phospho-STAT3: clone M9C6, 1:250 dilution; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) and TTF1 (clone 8G7G3/1, prediluted, Ventana, Tucson, Arizona). Immunohistochemistry with the PD-L1 antibody was clinically validated internally against the PD-L1 22C3 clone from pharmDx and found to be comparable. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for JAK2/INSL6 and PD-L1/PD-L2 genes was performed as previously described (27 (link), 28 (link)). See supplementary methods for additional details.