Hippocampal neuronal HT22 and astrocytoma U251 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (37°C, 5% CO2), which was replaced by FBS-free DMEM 24 h before the experiment. Culture media were changed every 2 days. Cell culture reagents were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). PTE dissolved with DMSO was diluted in DMEM in advance (DMSO ≤ 0.1%). Before OGD/R, U251 cells were treated with PTE (2.5 or 5 μM) or vehicle for 4 h.
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