Lipids were extracted from cell pellets using a modified methyl-tert-butyl ether method (Turner et al., 2018 (link)). Methyl tert-butyl ether and methanol (3:1 vol/vol with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene) were added to cell pellets alongside an internal standard solution containing 10 µM PS 17:0/17:0. Extracted lipids were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 Pump liquid chromatograph coupled to a Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer equipped with a heated electrospray ionization source (Thermo Fisher Scientific Australia). Data were acquired in full-scan/data-dependent MS2 mode (full-scan resolution, 70,000 full width at half maximum; maximum ion injection time, 50 ms; scan range mass/charge ratio, 200–1,500), with the 10 most abundant ions being subjected to collision-induced dissociation using an isolation window of 1.5 D and a normalized stepped collision energy of 15/27 eV. Lipids were analyzed using MS-DIAL. Exported aligned data were background subtracted, quantified from internal standards using the statistical package R, and normalized to total proteins. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis was used to identify differences between groups, with statistical significance set at an adjusted P < 0.05.