Sugar consumption and fermentation end-products were measured as previously reported52 (link) using a Waters Breeze 2 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA) equipped with an Aminex HPX-87H column (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and a refractive index detector. Headspace hydrogen was measured using an Agilent Technologies 6850 Series II gas chromatograph equipped with a Carboxen 1010 plot column and a thermal conductivity detector. Total H2 production calculations (headspace and liquid fractions) were done as previously described53 (link).
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