The sulfate ester content of pF1-20 was measured by a conductimetric method [23 (link)]. The pFs (4 mg) was dissolved in 2.0 mL of distilled water. The solution was passed through a column (10 × 200 mm) of Dowex® 50WX8 cation exchange resin (H+ form), and the acid form of these samples was eluted with water and then the solution was titrated with 2 mM NaOH at room temperature, monitored by a conductivity meter (DDSJ-308A). The sulfate ester content was calculated from the conductivity titration curves.
The FI-IR spectra (KBr pellets) of SvFG and pF1–12 (~1 mg) were recorded on a Bruker Tensor 27 infrared spectrometer (Ettlingen, Germany) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1.