Histology was performed on sections from formalin-fixed kidneys as described in detail elsewhere [18 (link),22 (link)]. Stained sections were scanned with a 20× objective using a Scanscope AT slide scanner (Aperio, Leica Biosystems, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) and quantitative image analysis was performed using Visiomorph software (Visiopharm, Hørsholm, Denmark). KIM-1 (AF1817, R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was quantified in whole-kidney sections, expressed as proportional (%) surface area of immunopositive staining.
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