Human lung epithelial NCI-H1299 (TP53-null) and HEK-293T cells were purchased from Shanghai Fuheng Biological (Shanghai, China). All cell lines were authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling identification. New cell batches were thawed every 3–4 months for use in these experiments. NCI-H1299 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA) medium, and HEK-293T cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Corning). Both media contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Solarbio, Beijing, China), and all cells were maintained at 37 ℃ in a humidified chamber with 5% CO2 and passaged twice weekly. The agent triptolide was purchased from MCE (New Jersey, USA) and used at a concentration of 30 nM (the dose selection of triptolide refers to the previous experimental research in this laboratory (31 (link)). After pre-experiment, the drug concentration and drug action time of 30 nmol, which has no killing effect on cells and has the most obvious effect, are selected). MG132 was used at a concentration of 20 µM, and nutlin-3A was used at a concentration of 20 µM. Matrigel was purchased from BD (356234, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).