Dextran extravasation was performed as described previously35 (link),36 (link) with modification. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μL of fluorescently conjugated 10-kDa (Alexa Fluor-555; Invitrogen) and 70-kDa (Texas Red; Invitrogen) dextran tracers at a concentration of 3.75 mg/mL and returned to their home cages for 30 minutes to allow the dextrans to circulate. Animals were then transcardially perfused with TBS. Cortices were dissected, weighed, and incubated in formamide for 48 hours at 56 °C. Dye fluorescence was then measured using a SpectraMax i3× Multi-Mode Plate Reader (Molecular Devices) at the appropriate emission and excitation wavelength and normalized to tissue weight.