To estimate the genetic predisposition of AF, we constructed a polygenic risk score for each participant, which was derived from the current optimal genetic risk variant list from the meta-analyses excluding the UK Biobank participants (n=165 SNPs, Additional file 1: Text S3, and Table S1) [15 (link)]. Briefly, most of the genome-wide significant risk variants for AF fall in genes that cause serious heart defects in humans (e.g., PITX2, TBX5) or near genes important for striated muscle function and integrity (e.g., CFL2, MYH7), which are crucial for the function of cardiac ion channels and calcium signaling. According to the number of risk alleles, we used imputed data to calculate the PRS through multiplying by the regression coefficient obtained from the previous study [23 (link)]: PRS = (β1 × SNP1 + β2 × SNP2 + … + β165 × SNP165). Furthermore, we classified each participant into three categories: low (lowest quartile), intermediate (mid two quartiles), and high (highest quartile) genetic AF risk groups.
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