HEK 293 cells were loaded with SNARF-5F-acetoxymethyl ester (Life Technologies Corporation) for 30 min at 37 °C. The same perfusion system in Ca2+ imaging was used to apply acid solutions. SNARF dye was excited with 488 nm laser in NIS elements (Nikon), and the ratio of fluorescence emissions at 640 and 580 nm (F640/F580) were captured every 5 s using a Nikon C2Si camera and Image Suite software (Nikon). Intracellular pH were measured by calibration curve obtained from modified HBSS at different pH30 (link)31 (link).
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