BrdU pull-down of 2 µg of gDNA was performed as described previously with two major differences (Dilley et al. 2016 (link); Verma et al. 2018 (link)). First, sonication was omitted in order to preserve C-circle structure. Instead, gDNA was digested using AluI and MboI (New England Biolabs). Second, the digested gDNA was not denatured prior to pull-down. After BrdU pull-down, the nascent DNA was cleaned with ChIP DNA Clean and Concentrator kit (Zymo) and eluted in 20 µL. For C-circle PCR, 6 µL of eluted pull-down was used per reaction. Digested gDNA input (30 ng per reaction) was run in parallel.