The distribution and quantification of oligosaccharides in the fractions were determined as previously reported [12 (link)]. The analysis was conducted using HPLC equipped with a Sugar-D column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, NACALAI TESQUE, INC., Kyoto, Japan) with a column oven temperature at 40 °C. The products were eluted with an isocratic elution system of acetonitrile/water (4:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the products were detected with a refractive index detector. X1, X2, X3, and DX3 were used as standards.
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