Total microbial DNA was extracted from faeces using the DNA stool mini kit (Qiagen, UK) by introducing three 1-min steps at 50 movements/s using TyssueLyser LT (Qiagen, UK) with 5-min incubation in ice between treatments as previously described by Candela et al. 2016 [59 (link)]. DNA recovery was evaluated using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies).
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