This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 2400 study subjects from the Taiwan Biobank with type 2 diabetes aged 30–70 and self-reported as being of Taiwanese Han Chinese ancestry. Those who had a history of cancer were excluded. In early 2005, the ‘Taiwan Biobank’ has been implemented as a part of Taiwan’s strategic development in promoting the country as an island of biomedicine.36 (link) The Taiwan Biobank project plans to conduct a large-scale community-based cohort and several patient cohorts of local chronic diseases from medical centers (the hospital-based cohorts) and then track health-related status and lifestyle behaviors of these participants for at least 10 years. The 2400 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from participants with type 2 diabetes in the Taiwan Biobank. Meanwhile, 78 individuals were excluded due to extreme heterozygosity rate (n=33), closely related individuals (n=17), withdrew from study (n=2), or lack of basic sociodemographic information (n=16), resulting in the inclusion of 2332 individuals in MR analysis (figure 1).