C57BL/6 mice are sensitive to high-fat feeds. This strain becomes obese, hyperglycemic and insulin resistant when fed a diabetogenic diet, so they were chosen as experimental animals (28 (link)). C57BL/6 mice (18.0 ± 2.0 g) were purchased from the Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center and housed in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) animal room under conditions of controlled temperature at 21 ± 1°C and humidity at 60 ± 10%, in a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle.
After 1 week of acclimatization, the mice were randomly divided into the following groups: NC (normal control, regular diet), and high-fat diet (HFD). The high-fat diet: 58.5% ordinary diet, 15% sucrose, 10% lard fat, 10% protein, 5% milk powder, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate (Beijing boaigang biological technology company). The mice in the HFD group were fed on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, then were fasted overnight and drank water freely, and then received an intraperitoneal injection of 130 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma, United States). After 7 days/10 days, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of the mice were measured. The mice with an FBG ≥ 16.7 mmol/l were regarded as diabetic.
Thirty diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals/group): normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC), metformin group (185 mg/kg/day, Met), and two ATMP treated groups (40 and 80 mg/kg/day, referred as L-ATMP and H-ATMP group, respectively). Mice in Met and ATMP groups were administrated intragastrically once a day, while the mice in the NC and DC groups received the same volume of pure water. The mice in DC, Met, and ATMP groups were fed the high-fat diet and the mice in the NC group were fed a normal diet. The doses of ATMP and administration period in the experiment were determined based on the information from previous studies (14 (link)).
The animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the experimental animal center of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.
After 1 week of acclimatization, the mice were randomly divided into the following groups: NC (normal control, regular diet), and high-fat diet (HFD). The high-fat diet: 58.5% ordinary diet, 15% sucrose, 10% lard fat, 10% protein, 5% milk powder, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate (Beijing boaigang biological technology company). The mice in the HFD group were fed on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, then were fasted overnight and drank water freely, and then received an intraperitoneal injection of 130 mg/kg streptozotocin (Sigma, United States). After 7 days/10 days, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of the mice were measured. The mice with an FBG ≥ 16.7 mmol/l were regarded as diabetic.
Thirty diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals/group): normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC), metformin group (185 mg/kg/day, Met), and two ATMP treated groups (40 and 80 mg/kg/day, referred as L-ATMP and H-ATMP group, respectively). Mice in Met and ATMP groups were administrated intragastrically once a day, while the mice in the NC and DC groups received the same volume of pure water. The mice in DC, Met, and ATMP groups were fed the high-fat diet and the mice in the NC group were fed a normal diet. The doses of ATMP and administration period in the experiment were determined based on the information from previous studies (14 (link)).
The animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the experimental animal center of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University.
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