Western blotting was performed essentially as previously described (17 (link)). The expression of CD137 (1:500, rat, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), ASK1 (1:2,000, rabbit, Abcam), phospho-ASK1 [1:500, rabbit, Cell Signaling Technology (CST), Danvers, MA, USA], p38 (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), phospho-p38 (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), JNK (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), phospho-JNK (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), IκBα (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), phospho-IκBα (1:1,000, rabbit, CST), MMP9 (1:1,000, rabbit, Abcam), MMP12 (1:2,000, rabbit, Abcam), and β-actin (1:1,000, rabbit, CST) in MH-S cells or lung tissues was measured by western blot. Protein expression was normalized to β-actin.
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