Genomic DNA was extracted from regenerated shoots of tobacco, hygromycin-resistant rice calli, or regenerated rice plants, using Agencourt Chloro Pure (BECKMAN COULTER, USA), and target loci were amplified by PCR using the primer sets listed in supplemental table 1. For cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) analysis, PCR products were digested by the appropriate restriction enzymes, and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. A heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was performed using MultiNA (SHIMADZU, Japan) according to our previous report12 (link).
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