RNA was isolated from fixed sorted cells based on the MARIS (method for analyzing RNA following intracellular sorting) protocol, as described by Hrvatin et al. (58 (link)). Briefly, we used FACS to obtain highly purified populations of T-CTLs, D-CTLs, M-CTLs, and N-CTLs from donors based on staining with CD3, GZMB, PRF, and GNLY, as described above. Before sorting, cells were fixed in 2% electron microscopy–grade paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and permeabilized with 0.5% deoxyribonuclease (DNase)/ribonuclease (RNase)–free saponin (Sigma) to permit intracellular staining. All staining and sorting took place in DNase/RNase-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with microbiology-grade bovine serum albumin (Gemini Bio-Products) in the constant presence of RNasin plus RNase inhibitor (Promega) 1:25 to 1:100 (1:100 for washes and 1:25 for staining and sorting). After sorting, RNA was isolated using the RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit (Ambion), as per the manufacturer’s instructions, with the same modification to the protocol used as described by Hrvatin et al. (58 (link)).