ATP content was measured by a commercial bioluminescent assay (ATP bioluminescent assay kit, Merck) according to the manufacturer’s instruction and as previously described [27 (link)]. Briefly, ATP was extracted by boiling the samples in a solution containing 100 mM TRIS, 4 mM EDTA, pH 7.75. After centrifugation at 10,000× g for 60 s, samples were diluted at 1:50 in dilution buffer (FLAA, Merck). To obtain bioluminescence measurements with a standard luminometer, 100 μL of supernatant was mixed with 100 μL of luciferin-luciferase solution. The standard curve of ATP was obtained by serial dilution of 2 μM ATP solution.
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