RBD (UniProt ID P0DTC2) with Cys538Ala was expressed in SHuffle T7 E. coli cells (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA), using a pET15b expression vector in LB medium containing 50 μg/mL ampicillin as previously reported [10 (link)]. The protein was purified by using denaturing nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) (Wako, Tokyo, Japan) chromatography and reverse-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography, lyophilized and stored at −30 °C until use [17 (link)].
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