HEK293-F-FreeStyle cells (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) were transfected with plasmids encoding His, His-Si4 or Si4 fusion proteins using the Freestyle MAX reagent (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) and incubated for 24–72 hrs in 8% CO2. Cells were harvested and lysed by sonication (Sonifier 250, Branson, Danbury, CT). His-tag or His-Si4 fusion proteins were purified on Ni/NTA beads as previously described [30 (link)], with the exception that the Si4 tag was used to immobilize PK on silica NPs directly from the cell lysate (S1D and S1E Fig), providing a fast and simpler purification process.
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