Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained personnel and were systematically adjusted for clothing, as previously described7 (link), 35 (link). Individuals with self-reported values were excluded. In the main analyses, we used BMI (as an index of general adiposity); ABSI, WC and WHR (as indices of abdominal adiposity); HC and HI (as indices of gluteofemoral adiposity). We additionally examined for comparison alternative WC-based anthropometric indices. The calculation of anthropometric indices is described below, with the relevant reference (ref) cited at the end of each formula:
ABSI (A Body Shape Index) = 1,000*WC*Wt –2/3*Ht5/6 ref22 (link)
eTBF (estimated Total Body Fat) = 100 * (–Z + A − B)/C, where A = (4.15*WC*39.3701), B = (0.082*Wt*2.20462), C = (Wt*2.20462), Z = 98.42 (men), Z = 76.76 (women) ref12 (link)
RFM (Relative Fat Mass) = 64 − (20*Ht/WC) + (12*S), where S = 0 (men), S = 1 (women) ref16 (link)
HI (Hip Index) = HC * Wt –0.482*Ht0.310 ref34 (link)
WCadjBMI (WC adjusted for BMI) and WHRadjBMI (WHR adjusted for BMI) were derived as the residuals of sex-specific linear regression models WC (or WHR) ~ BMI + study centre.
HC—hip circumference (m); WC—waist circumference (m); Ht—height (m); Wt—weight (kg). ABSI was multiplied by 1,000 to derive numbers in the order of magnitude of WC, which would be more intuitive to use than the original values, which are < 0.1. The formula for eTBF incorporates factors to convert the measurements into units matching the original formula: 39.3701 for a conversion from m to in and 2.20462 from kg to lbs.
Christakoudi S., Tsilidis K.K., Muller D.C., Freisling H., Weiderpass E., Overvad K., Söderberg S., Häggström C., Pischon T., Dahm C.C., Zhang J., Tjønneland A., Halkjær J., MacDonald C., Boutron-Ruault M.C., Mancini F.R., Kühn T., Kaaks R., Schulze M.B., Trichopoulou A., Karakatsani A., Peppa E., Masala G., Pala V., Panico S., Tumino R., Sacerdote C., Quirós J.R., Agudo A., Sánchez M.J., Cirera L., Barricarte-Gurrea A., Amiano P., Memarian E., Sonestedt E., Bueno-de-Mesquita B., May A.M., Khaw K.T., Wareham N.J., Tong T.Y., Huybrechts I., Noh H., Aglago E.K., Ellingjord-Dale M., Ward H.A., Aune D, & Riboli E. (2020). A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort. Scientific Reports, 10, 14541.
Corresponding Organization : Imperial College London
Other organizations :
Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, Aarhus University, Umeå University, Max Delbrück Center, Danish Cancer Society, Inserm, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Hellenic Health Foundation, Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Federico II University Hospital, Agenzia Regionale Sanitaria della Puglia, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Andalusian School of Public Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oslo Nye Høyskole
ABSI, WC and WHR (as indices of abdominal adiposity)
HC and HI (as indices of gluteofemoral adiposity)
dependent variables
Not explicitly mentioned
control variables
Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained personnel and were systematically adjusted for clothing, as previously described
Individuals with self-reported values were excluded
positive controls
Not explicitly mentioned
negative controls
Not explicitly mentioned
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