Recombinant Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Production

All reagents were used as received unless otherwise noted. Acrylic acid (monomer), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (radical initiator), and 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic acid (chain transfer agent, CTA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. D-Glucose, D-galactose, D-lactose monohydrate, D-maltose monohydrate, maltotriose, ammonium carbamate, ammonium hydroxide solution (28.0−30.0% NH₃), and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM) was purchased from TCI America. Octyl maleimide was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. HBS buffer (10 × 10⁻³ M 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 150 × 10⁻³ M NaCl, pH 7.2) was prepared with deionized (DI) water and filtered through a 0.2 μm PES membrane. Recombinant human galectin-1 and galectin-3 constructs were obtained from C. Bertozzi, recombinantly expressed in XL1-Blue competent E. coli, and purified using β-lactosyl sepharose affinity chromatography methods, as previously reported.^{42 (link)}