HDF was bought from American Type Culture Collection (Cat# PCS-201-012, cell type: fibroblast, origin: human skin) and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fatal bovine serum at 37°C, 5% CO2 atmosphere (Gusarov et al., 2021 (link)). Lipopolysaccharide (Cat# L4391, e. coli. 0111: B4, Merck, Germany) was used to stimulate HDF in vitro. Taxol (1 μM, Cat# S1150, Selleck, United States) or SB203580 (5 μM, Cat# S1076, Selleck, United States) was used to the culture and pretreated at 37°C for 1 h before LPS stimulation.
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