PAXgene, cell-free and exosomal RNA was converted into cDNA libraries using the Ion Total RNA-Seq Kit V2 (Life Technologies, Australia) and prepared for deep sequencing as described previously (12 (link)). Pooled libraries with unique barcodes were loaded on 318 sequencing chips and run on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (Life Technologies, Australia). The Torrent Suite 3.4.1 was used to manage the Ion Torrent PGM to process raw signals and perform base calling. The sequences are then assessed for quality and primer-adapter sequences are trimmed by the Torrent Suite software, followed by alignment to the human reference genome (HG19). The trimmed and aligned data was transferred to Partek Genomics Suite and mapped to known miRNA using miRBase V.20 and Ensembl Release 74. The number of reads for each miRNA were normalized to reads per million (RPM) across all samples. Samples containing less than 5 RPM were removed. Partek Genomics suite and statistical package was used to perform statistical analysis, hierarchical clustering and to identify unique miRNA in each sample type. Data have been uploaded to Vesiclepedia (http://microvesicles.org/).