DNA was extracted from 1×106 cells (QIAGEN DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit), quantified (Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kits, Life Technologies), quality controlled (DNA1000 Kit and BioAnalyzer 2100, Agilent), and bisulfite converted (EZ DNA Methylation Kit, Zymo Research) according to each manufacturer's protocol. Bisulfite-converted DNA was hybridized to Infinium-450 BeadChips (Illumina) and scanned with an iScan (Illumina). Quality control was performed in GenomeStudio. HumanMethylation450 data were normalized using SWAN (Maksimovic et al., 2012 (link)) and differential methylation was identified using Limma (Smyth, 2004 (link)). Hierarchical clustering was performed using Cluster, with Euclidian distance and complete linkage. Functional enrichments were executed in GREAT (McLean et al., 2010 (link)) using default settings. DNA methylation data have been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE63592.
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