The whole cell lysates from MO- and PMN-MDSCs were prepared as previously described [38 (link)], and total protein contents were measured using the Nanodrop (Thermo Scientific). Equal protein amounts (30 μg/lane) were loaded per lane for the MO- and PMN-MDSC samples. Protein was separated by electrophoresis on precast gel (Bio-Rad Laboratories), and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore Corp.). The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with rabbit anti-mouse monoclonal antibody targeting STAT3, anti-rabbit monoclonal antibody targeting pSTAT3, or an anti-rabbit anti-GAPDH (Cell Signaling) and then with the secondary anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies HRP for 1 h. Signal was developed with a chemi-luminescent substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and Kodak M35 X-OMAT Automatic Processors was used for the detection of signals. Bands were quantitated in densitometry units after the processing with the ImageJ software (NIH).