The inclusion criteria were as follows.
Participating population: patients were admitted to the ICU and mechanically ventilated. Age ≥ 18.
Intervention/exposure: Post-extubation dysphagia.
Comparison/control: Non-post-extubation dysphagia.
Outcome: Risk factors for post-extubation dysphagia.
Type of study: The study is observational, either cross-sectional, cohort, or case–control; use of 1 or more swallowing disorder assessment tools. Example: fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, video fluoroscopy swallow study, Bogenhausen Dysphagia Score, water swallow test (WST); bedside swallowing evaluation; clinical swallowing evaluation, and Sydney Swallowing Questionnaire.
The following types of records were excluded: replicated study data; incomplete data; non-original studies (conference abstracts, editorials, letters, reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries, or case reports).
Participating population: patients were admitted to the ICU and mechanically ventilated. Age ≥ 18.
Intervention/exposure: Post-extubation dysphagia.
Comparison/control: Non-post-extubation dysphagia.
Outcome: Risk factors for post-extubation dysphagia.
Type of study: The study is observational, either cross-sectional, cohort, or case–control; use of 1 or more swallowing disorder assessment tools. Example: fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, video fluoroscopy swallow study, Bogenhausen Dysphagia Score, water swallow test (WST); bedside swallowing evaluation; clinical swallowing evaluation, and Sydney Swallowing Questionnaire.
The following types of records were excluded: replicated study data; incomplete data; non-original studies (conference abstracts, editorials, letters, reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries, or case reports).
