The pregnant mice were divided into four groups (each n = 8), as follows:

Sham-vehicle (SV) group, sham procedure plus i.v. injection of 0.3 ml saline.

Sham-edaravone (SE) group, sham procedure plus i.v. injection of 0.3 ml edaravone (Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, 3 mg/kg).

RUPP-vehicle (RV) group, surgery with ligation of both uterine vessels plus i.v. injection of 0.3 ml saline.

RUPP-edaravone (RE) group, surgery with ligation of both uterine vessels plus i.v. injection of 0.3 ml edaravone (Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, 3 mg/kg) (Fig. 1c).

The edaravone dose was chosen after trying different doses; 3 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. It was found that the dose of 3 mg/kg had no adverse effects on the developing fetuses, however, the higher doses resulted in increased fetal loss. This dose was proven to be effective in many ischemic models [42 ]. All injections were done via the tail vein from GD 14 to GD 18. This study was based on 42 adults (32 females and 10 males) and 239 fetuses.
Blood pressure of conscious pregnant mothers was evaluated by recording the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) (mmHg) using a noninvasive tail-cuff method (BP-98A; Softron, Japan) [17 (link)].
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