Enolase activity was measured via NADH oxidation in a pyruvate kinase–lactate dehydrogenase coupled assay as previously described12 (link). Briefly, cells were lysed in 20 mM Tris HCl, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (pH 7.4) and homogenized using a Polytron homogenizer three times for a period of 10 s followed by sonication. Enolase activity was recorded by measuring oxidation of NADH either spectrophotometrically by absorbance at 340 nm or fluorescently by excitation at 340 nm and emission at 460 nm.