The DNA adducts were measured by UPLC-ESI/MS3 employing a Dionex Ultimate 3000 LC (Thermo Fisher, San Jose, CA) equipped with a Thermo Acclaim PepMap trap cartridge RP C18 (0.3mm × 5 mm, 5 μm particle size, 100 Å), a Michrom Magic C18 AQ column (0.3 mm×150 mm, 3 μm particle size), and a Michrom Captive Spray source (Auburn, CA) interfaced with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer Velos Pro (Thermo Scientific, San Jose, CA). The chromatography conditions, MS parameters and the MS3 transitions used to monitor the DNA adducts in the positive ionization mode are reported in supporting information (Nauwelaers et al. 2011 (link)). External calibration curves were constructed for quantification (Goodenough et al. 2007 (link)).