Anti-phosphorylated and pan Akt antibodies were purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Cambridge, MA, USA). Interleukin-6 (Il-6) was purchased from Miltenyi Biotec (Auburn, CA, USA).
The authenticated Multiple Myeloma-derived cell line MM1 was obtained from the European Collection of Cell Cultures and was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, penicillin and streptomycin (all obtained from Invitrogen, Paisley, UK)45 (link).
Cell viability was determined after 24 h using Cell Titre GLO (Promega, Southampton, UK)31 (link). Data were normalised to vehicle controls. All data points are represented as the mean with s.e.