Western blotting assays were performed as previously described [16 (link)]. The primary antibodies were as follows: anti-vimentin, anti-FAP, anti-αSMA, anti-LYVE-1, and anti-PAI-1 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA); anti-phospho-AKT (Ser 473), anti-AKT, anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204), anti-ERK1/2, anti-p38, anti-phospho-p38, anti-JNK, anti-phospho-JNK, anti-VE-cadherin, anti-phospho-VE-cadherin (Y685) and anti-GAPDH (CST, Massachusetts, USA). The secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse immunoglobulin-G antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA).
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