The aorta root was dissected, embedded and cut into sections at 6 μm. The first section was harvested when the three aortic valve cusps became visible in the lumen of the aorta, and every seventh section was harvested on one slide (10 sections per slide). Lipids were detected using oil-red O staining as previously described.17 (link) Section images were analyzed by an Olympus BX51 imaging system (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and quantified with Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. The atherosclerotic plaque was expressed as a percentage of the total area of the aorta. The protocol of plaque collagen staining was performed as described previously.18 (link) Atherosclerotic plaque collagen was stained by Sirius red and the sections were analyzed by microscopy.