CIA were collected and preserved in 10% formalin. The CIA were defatted and dissected longitudinally and stained as described19 (link),21 (link). The lesion type and the extent (proportion of tissue surface area covered by lesions) of atherogenic lesions was evaluated as described19 (link). The lesion types were validated by immunohistochemistry20 (link).
For the current study, a subset of CIA was selected from the 112 samples that represented the two categories of lesion type: fatty streaks (FS) and fibrous plaques (FP). The characteristics of the samples included 3 males and 5 females for FS, and 4 males and 4 females for FP. Mean age of the females was 12.0 years (range = 11.1–12.5 years) and that of the males was 11.2 years (range = 11.6–10.9 years).